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ARTICLES
"Diabetes Awareness"
The symptoms of diabetes are excessive urination, going to the toilet all the time, especially at night, increased thirst, extremely tired, loss of energy, weight loss, blurred vision and genital itching or inflammation due to fungal infection. These symptoms may prompt a patient or doctor to do a blood glucose test. However, 50% of diabetic cases in Malaysia have no symptoms. Therefore, regular medical check-ups to detect complications early are necessary, because diabetes can only be diagnosed by measuring blood glucose. Complications are common in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, most people with diabetes will eventually develop some kind of complications, which might cause serious health problems. The risks are particularly high for people with diabetes who are also overweight, smoke or are physically inactive. Complications of diabetes can be both acute (immediate) or chronic (progressive). One of the acute (immediate) complications of diabetes is hypoglycemic, this is a condition which occurs when the blood glucose levels are too low (<4 mmol/l). Among the major threats to the health and lives of people with diabetes are progressive damage to blood vessels. It can be categorized into Microvascular complication and Macrovascular complication. Microvascular complications are specific to diabetes and affect the small blood vessels, causing renal, retinal and neural problems. It can result in blindness, gangrene, nerve damage, loss of sensation and kidney failure. Macrovascular complications are particularly common to Type 2 diabetes. It affects the larger and medium-sized arteries and arterioles. This leads to heart disease and its consequences (angina, heart attacks), strokes and peripheral vascular disease. Although diabetes cannot be cured, it can be controlled very successfully. Type 1 diabetes is treated with injections of insulin, regular exercise and a healthy diet. Insulin injections are vital to keep the patient alive and the patient has to take two to four injection of insulin each day. Type 2 diabetes need to have a healthy diet that contains the right balance of food, and exercise is strongly advocated. If this alone is not enough to keep the blood glucose level normal, oral medication may be necessary. Combination of tablets and insulin are prescribed in certain cases of Type 2 diabetes. In order to stay well and healthy, all diabetics need good and regular healthcare. The control of your diabetes and the early detection and treatment of any possible problem is very important. By sticking to your treatment, monitoring your condition and following a healthy lifestyle, you should be able to continue your normal day to day life and take part in the activities you have always enjoyed. Table below is the targets that all diabetics should aim for:
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